Bentonite is a non-metallic mineral with montmorillonite as the main mineral component. The montmorillonite structure is a 2:1 crystal structure composed of two silicon oxygen tetrahedrons and a layer of aluminum oxygen octahedron. There are some cations, such as Cu, Mg, Na, K, in the layered structure formed by montmorillonite crystal cells, and the interaction between these cations and montmorillonite crystal cells is very unstable, which is easy to be exchanged by other cations It has good ion exchange property. Foreign countries have been applied in more than 100 departments in 24 fields of industrial and agricultural production, with more than 300 products, so people call it "universal soil".

Bentonite has many grade such as: Active clay, Natural bleaching soil, Organic bentonite, Bentonite ore, Calcium bentonite and sodium bentonite.